Physical activity during pregnancy

Our time can be confidently characterized as a time of infatuation with sports. And if once sport was mostly the domain of men, now there is a clear gender equality.

Both men and women approach training, nutrition, and lifestyle in General with equal healthy fanaticism. However, there is a circumstance that can only prevent a woman from realizing her sporting ambitions.

This is pregnancy. Public opinion is negative about the coexistence of pregnancy and active sports, believing that sports during pregnancy are better postponed to the postpartum period.

However, the medical community believes quite differently. Sports should not only not be excluded, but, on the contrary, it should be added, adhering to certain restrictions.

As a clear example, we can cite the recommendations on physical activity and exercise during pregnancy and the postpartum period, developed by the American College of obstetricians and gynecologists, adopted by other countries of the world (Committee on obstetric practice in Germany, conclusion No. 804). These recommendations are designed for medical professionals so that they can prescribe specific activities related to physical activity based on the individual characteristics of the particular patient they observe. There is no way to do without individualization. And pregnancy can occur in different ways and loads can differ significantly (professional and Amateur sports are a big difference). Therefore, this article does not contain specific figures on how many approaches, repetitions, with what intensity, and how much volume You should do. Although certain landmarks are given.

Recommendations:
Physical activity and exercise during pregnancy are associated with minimal risks and have been shown to benefit most women, although some modifications to exercise may be necessary due to normal anatomical and physiological changes and fetal needs.
Before recommending an exercise program, a thorough clinical evaluation should be performed to make sure that the patient has no medical reason to avoid exercise.
Women with uncomplicated pregnancies should be encouraged to engage in aerobic and strength exercises before, during, and after pregnancy. (Women who usually engaged in intensive aerobic activities or who were physically active before pregnancy may continue to do so during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Observational studies of women who exercise during pregnancy have shown benefits such as reducing the risk of gestational diabetes, cesarean section and operative vaginal delivery, as well as recovery time after childbirth. Physical activity can also be a significant factor in the prevention of depressive disorders in women in the postpartum period.)
Obstetricians and other providers of obstetric care should carefully evaluate women with medical or obstetric complications before making recommendations for engaging in physical activity during pregnancy. Activity restriction should not be prescribed regularly as a treatment to reduce preterm birth.
More research is needed to investigate the impact of exercise on pregnancy-specific conditions and outcomes, as well as to clarify further effective behavioral counseling methods and the optimal type, frequency, and intensity of exercise. Similar studies are needed to create a better evidence base for the impact of occupational physical activity on maternal and fetal health.
Anatomical and physiological aspects of physical activity during pregnancy

Pregnancy leads to anatomical and physiological changes that should be taken into account when prescribing exercise. The most distinct changes during pregnancy are weight gain and a shift in the point of gravity, which leads to progressive lordosis. These changes lead to increased effort in the joints and spine during strength exercises. As a result, more than 60% of all pregnant women experience lower back pain.

Strengthening the abdominal and back muscles can minimize this risk. Blood volume, heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output normally increase during pregnancy, and systemic vascular resistance decreases. These hemodynamic changes establish the circulatory reserve necessary to maintain the pregnant woman and fetus at rest and during exercise.

During pregnancy, deep respiratory changes also occur. Minute ventilation increases by up to 50%, primarily as a result of increased tidal volume. Due to a physiological decrease in the pulmonary reserve, the ability to anaerobic exercise is impaired, and the availability of oxygen for aerobic exercise and increased workload is constantly lagging behind.

The physiological respiratory alkalosis of pregnancy may not be sufficient to compensate for developing metabolic acidosis during strenuous exercise.

Reducing the subjective workload and maximum physical performance of pregnant women, especially those who are overweight or obese, limits their ability to engage in more strenuous physical activities.

Aerobic training during pregnancy has been shown to increase aerobic capacity in normal and overweight pregnant women.

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