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MILDRONATE is a medication that is used in medicine for heart failure problems. Due to the fact that such "insufficiency" (overstrain) occurs in the practice of sports, Mildronate, or rather Meldonium, which is the active substance of the drug, is also used by athletes. Mildronate is sometimes also called "Russian L-carnitine". "Russian" - because it was invented in 1976 in Latvia, which at that time was part of the USSR, and "L-carnitine" - because its principle of action is directed to the same mechanism as that of L-carnitine – the transport of fatty acids (LC) inside the mitochondria (MX). Since 2016, Meldonium has been listed as a prohibited drug by the WADA anti-doping Agency. In particular, Russian athletes such as tennis player Maria Sharapova, 4-time world champion in swimming Yulia Efimova, and boxer Alexander Povetkin had problems with Meldonium. The question of attributing the drug to doping is ambiguous, since Western athletes alm...

Most studies on fetal responses to maternal exercise have focused on changes in fetal heart rate and birth weight. Studies have shown a minimal to moderate increase in fetal heart rate of 10-30 beats per minute compared to baseline levels during or after exercise. Three meta-analyses concluded that differences in birth weight were minimal or absent in women who exercised during pregnancy compared to controls. However, women who continued to exercise intensely during the third trimester were more likely to give birth to children weighing 200-400 g less than in comparable control groups, although there was no increased risk of fetal growth restriction. A cohort study that evaluated blood flow in the umbilical cord artery, fetal heart rate, and biophysical profiles before and after strenuous exercise in the second trimester found that 30 minutes of strenuous exercise is well tolerated by women and fetuses in active and inactive pregnant women. For pregnant athletes, individual exercise ...

Our time can be confidently characterized as a time of infatuation with sports. And if once sport was mostly the domain of men, now there is a clear gender equality. Both men and women approach training, nutrition, and lifestyle in General with equal healthy fanaticism. However, there is a circumstance that can only prevent a woman from realizing her sporting ambitions. This is pregnancy. Public opinion is negative about the coexistence of pregnancy and active sports, believing that sports during pregnancy are better postponed to the postpartum period. However, the medical community believes quite differently. Sports should not only not be excluded, but, on the contrary, it should be added, adhering to certain restrictions. As a clear example, we can cite the recommendations on physical activity and exercise during pregnancy and the postpartum period, developed by the American College of obstetricians and gynecologists, adopted by other countries of the world (Committee on obstetr...

And the adaptation of muscles to the load in the form of hypertrophy is regulated more by intracellular changes than by external stimuli coming from anabolic hormones. However, this is true only in cases where the concentration of anabolic hormones is within the normal physiology of a person. Artificially inflated many times the hormone levels already significantly affect the hypertrophy of muscle cells. Natural, physiological concentrations are almost not responsible for muscle growth in response to strength training. Research shows that both temporary acute changes in hormone levels in response to stress and long-term chronic changes, both in the greater and lesser direction, do not significantly affect adaptive hypertrophy. Physical activity initiates the activation of signaling pathways in muscle cells that control enzymes responsible for protein synthesis. In addition, directly inside the cell in response to the load, hormone-like substances are formed – mechanical growth factor...

You can often hear the question whether it makes sense to train for hormonal failure. Apparently, it occurs in connection with the belief that the hormones circulating in the body completely determine the changes that occur with our body. Whether it is an increase in muscle mass or a decrease in fat reserves. However, this belief is false, highly hypertrophied. Of course, hormones are the strongest regulators of metabolic processes, but we also have other mechanisms that allow us to respond adequately to the stimuli created by physical activity. The role negormonalny activation mechanisms of enzyme reactions Any processes that occur in cells, tissues, or organs occur exclusively under the action of the corresponding enzymes. The more active the enzymes, the more pronounced the reaction. The action of hormones is just due to their activation of enzymes. So active physical activity can itself have a similar effect. For example, in order for glucose from the blood to enter the muscle ...

High glycemic index (GI) is one of the frequent reasons that explain the harm of sugar for weight loss. They say that "fast" carbohydrates are converted into fat, instead of being used by cells directly as energy. There is no scientific evidence for this, and there is no logic in such statements. If the background of energy shortage, sugar not used by cells, which means the body gets even less energy, and thus even more necessary to compensate for the missing of internal reserves, including fat. In fact, scientists have already put an end to the question of the effect of GI used carbohydrates on the results of weight loss. A meta-review of studies on the "Significance of the glycemic index and glycemic load for body weight, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease" (includes 73 randomized controlled trials) says literally the following: "There is not enough data in existing interventional studies to establish the benefits of introducing low-GI carbohydrate sources...

However, none of these effects, despite the recorded decrease in insulin (and glucose) levels as a result of replacing carbohydrates with fat, were observed in two current and very strict metabolic studies (5, 6). One of which was actually conducted by the Nutrition Science Initiative (NuSI). It is noteworthy that this organization is specifically created to Finance and sponsor research aimed at demonstrating the effectiveness of low-carb diets. True, they failed to demonstrate their effectiveness, but thank you for being honest in your conclusions.(6) Later, in 2020, under the leadership of the author of the two above-mentioned studies-Kevin D. Hall, another study was conducted, in which two groups alternately followed a ketogenic low-carb diet (W-75.8%, y-10%, b-14.2%) and a low-fat high-carb diet (y-75.2%, W-10.3%, b-14.5%) for two weeks each. At the same time, the low-fat diet showed higher levels of glucose and insulin, and the low-carb diet showed an increase in the level of c...

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